Psychoanalysis

- Understanding of the psyche

- The role of the unconscious - everyday living

- Gender development - sexual identity

- Human subjectivity understanding

Study of human subjectivity

Psychoanalysis - form of therapy - human subjectivity - study psyche

Theories of the unconscious

- Human sexuality development

Understanding human desire/motivations/dreams

Human control is not all through the mind

-Unconscious thoughts are vital part I day to day reactions

- Sigmund Freud, Jacques lacan, lemanie klien, Carl Jung, Juliet mitchelle, Lucie irgaicay, Julia kristara

Sigmund Freud - conceived the idea late 1890s

-       Through the treating of hysteria patients the use of psychoanalysis – guidance to accept thoughts once repressed due to thoughts/events

Dream analysis – analysis of his own

-       Unconscious – ‘wish-fulfilment’

Infant observation – associations with parental/motherly figures

Establishment of dynamic unconscious

The dynamic unconscious

Through early human development as an infant – as a means of protection – unacceptable thoughts and behaviours to the conscious.

-       These early developments continue to effect the self in SOME ways

-       Unconscious is chaotic without order without language

Freudian slip – unconscious thoughts from early development made known through ticks/slips/symptoms.

-       Hysteria patients developed symptoms due to early repressed thoughts - experiences

Developmental stages

Development – wilful, conscious beliefs – full of confusing, contradictory, misinterpreted

Thoughts and feelings

- Human development – attempt to make sense of biological/instinctual self

                                    - Logical/thinking self

Development of associations and assumptions through out judgement of data – often misinterpreted

Developmental stages as a child

-       Oral

-       Anal

-       Phallic

Oedipus complex – sexual/love feelings towards motherly figure – resentment of father – stems from childhood dependence on mother – self centred view on world

Love/jealousy

-       Feelings to want / to be wanted

Development of preconceptions – Oedipus complex/castration complex/penis envy

-Oedipus complex – sexual/love towards motherly figure – resentment towards father – self centred view on the world

-Development of feelings – love/rivalry/jealousy – become mixed and confusing

- Development of male/female identities in relation to penis

-Castration complex – boy in fear of castration = loss of power

                                    - Girl accepts – she has already been castrated

Phallus – symbol of power

-Penis envy – girl experiences when she realises she is without – relation to father figure

-Presence/absence – negative feelings

- Boy fears loss of power – castration

-Girl fears she is missing something

Child must experience and overcome feelings and misconceptions

-These misconceptions/contradictory ideas continue throughout our lives – unconscious

The uncanny

‘unhomely’

Unnatural – familiar

Something to remind hidden – come to open

Boundaries of fantasy/reality break down

Analogies – unconscious (psychology) – uncanny (aesthetics)

Freudian models

Id

Ego

Superego ----- iceberg

Unconscious

Preconscious

Conscious

Id – represents biological/ instinctual part of us

Ego – represents individual/personality

Super ego – represents the part of ourselves in relation to others

Unconscious – hidden / repressed unacceptable feelings stored

Preconscious – unconscious buy not repressed – memories/words/recollection of this

Conscious – self/personality/identity

Jacques lacan

1960s-1970s presentation of psychoanalysis

Reconception of Freud’s findings – structured linguistics – signification

Lacan – development of the psyche – formed with the structures of language – ‘mold the self as we mold it’

The mirror stage

The Childs reflection

-       Child sees itself in the mirror for the first time – split/alienation

-       Seen as the subject and the other

-       Rivalry – child may recognise the image is its own

-       Identity of itself outside of itself – sees mirror as ‘other’

-       - Formation of the Childs ego – boy image/subject/other

Specula image

Captivated – child is absorbed/repelled by own image

Lacan unconscious

Unconscious is structured like language

Meaning is encoded with linguistic signs

Metaphor/metonymy

Symptom

-       Metaphor – representation of something else which possesses similar characteristics

-       Symptoms – translated elements – metaphor style coding

Desire

-       Metonymy – part used to represent whole or the whole represent small part

-       Displaces all on sales of associations

-       Desire for objects (inc people) displacement of desire for what cant be obtained

Lacan phallus

Not the biological penis – object of owner association

Through the potential LACK

Masculinity/femininity are not biological

Definition – SYMBOLIC positions

Phallus – ‘speaking position in culture’

-Relation to nature of the phallus – signifying

- Sexual identity

Orders of reality

-       The real – cannot be symbolised/signified

-       The imaginary – ego is born and developed

-       The symbolic – the other

Subjectivity

-       Human motivation desires – unconscious

-       - Understanding of why things are

-       Understanding of designers/artists creativity

Model based theory

Edward bernays – Freud’s nephew

‘The godfather of PR’

Applied theories to advertising and pr

Manipulation techniques

Embedding desire within products

Torches of freedom

Conclusion

Psychoanalysis provides definition of unconscious

Subjecthood outside logic/rationality

Understanding of motivations and art

How art and design effects us and why